Vol. 1 (2021): Kalamboan Research Journal
Articles

Mahogany Sawdust Tannin as Ink Source

Mary Jonie Oricio Villanueva
STI West Negros University

Published 2021-10-31

Keywords

  • Mahogany,
  • tannin,
  • sawdust,
  • mordant,
  • glycerol,
  • absorptivity
  • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Villanueva, M. J. O. (2021). Mahogany Sawdust Tannin as Ink Source. Kalamboan, 1(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.61864/kalamboan.v1i1.3

Abstract

This study aimed to produce ink from Mahogany sawdust tannin. Specifically, it sought to determine the physical properties of ink using different amounts of glycerol as mordant; the physical properties of ink using different amounts of glycerol in terms of color, odor, and pH; the acceptability of the ink in terms of color, odor, and absorptivity; the best proportion of raw materials in the production of ink; and whether a significant difference exists in the physical properties of the inks in terms of pH. The study used the developmental and descriptive method that involved the production of ink, observation, and testing of the aforementioned properties, as well as a survey of the acceptability of the ink.  One-way Analysis of Variance was used to determine whether significant difference exists in the pH of the inks produced using different amounts of glycerol. Findings of the study show that all three sample proportions were black, had a faint pleasant odor, and the pH values were consistent.  The ink from Mahogany sawdust tannin was acceptable in terms of color, odor, and absorptivity.  The best proportion of the raw materials in the production of ink is 10 milliliters tannin extract, 1 gram ferrous sulfate, 1 gram sodium chloride, 1 milliliter ethyl alcohol, and 3 milliliters glycerol.  It has a darker color compared to the other two proportions containing 1 mL and 2 mL of glycerol, respectively.  There is no significant difference in pH among the three ink samples containing different amounts of glycerol.  The ink produced from Mahogany sawdust has been found very highly acceptable.

 

Abstract Views: 321 times | Downloaded: 71 times

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Ahmad, T. (2014). Reviewing the Tannic Acid Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles. India: Applied Science and Humanities Section, University Polytechnic, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University.
  2. All About Mahogany. (2019). www.wishes-tree.com/all-about-mahogany/
  3. Altares, P. S., CoPo, A., Roland I., et al. (2012). Elementary Statistics with Computer Applications, 2nd edition. Manila: Rex Book Store.
  4. American Chemical Society (2014). Dyes-pigments-ink. www.acs.org
  5. Ashton, P. (1998). Shorea negrosensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  6. Bianco, M. A., & Savolainen, H. (1997). Phenolic Acids as Indicators of Wood Tannins, Science of The Total Environment.
  7. Carnes, C. (1998). How to make ink - Ingredients. irongallink.org Dark Red Meranti (Shorea Negrosensis). https://www.wood-database.com/dark-red-meranti/
  8. Doityourself staff (2010). www.doityourself.com/stry/7-uses-for-mahogany-wood.
  9. Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2021). Tannin. Available online: https://www.britannica.com/print/article/582701
  10. ESSC (2017). “Tannin-use-in-the-Philippines”.essc.org.ph.
  11. Grant, R., & Grant, C. (1987). Grant & Hack’s Chemical Dictionary, 5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  12. Gutierrez, M. M. L. (2007). Determination of the Antibacterial Activity of the Tannin Extract from Fresh Leaves of Psidium guajava linn. (Bayabas). Philippines: University of San Carlos, School of Health Care Profession.
  13. Helmenstine, A. M. (2019). www.thoughtco.com/easy-ink-recipes.
  14. History of Pencils and Pens. (2021). www.historyofpencils.com
  15. Kent, J. A. et al. (2010). Kent and Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 11th Edition. Springer Science and Business Media.
  16. Ku, C. S. et al. (2007). Exploration of Polyphenol-rich Pine Barks for Potent Antioxidant Activity. Korea: Chonbuk National University.
  17. Lehnhardt, P. (2015). 5 Natural Ink Recipes. www.hobbyfarms.com.
  18. lifestyle. iloveindia.com/lounge/history-of-ink_7502.html
  19. Linskens, H.F., & Jackson, J.F. (2012). Fruit Analysis. Springer Science and Business Media.
  20. Mackenzie, C. A. (1962). Unified Organic Chemistry. New York: Harper and Row.
  21. Makkar, H. P. S. (2013). Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foilage. Springer Science and Business Media.
  22. Mastropaolo, D., Powers, D.A., et al. (1976). Inorganic Chemistry. Jamaica: The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies.Merriam Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lauan
  23. Metych, M. (2016). www.britannica.com/tannin
  24. Mongillo, J. F. (2000). Mahogany, Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Rochester, N. Y.: University of Rochester Press., p. 216.
  25. Nitz, O. W. et al. (1976). Encyclopedia Americana, XXVI. New York: American Corp.
  26. Paler-Calmorin, L. (2010). Research @nd Statistics with Computer. Mandaluyong Vity: National Book Store.
  27. Pantoja-Castro, M. et al. (2011). Study by Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Tannins and Tannic Acid. Morelia, Michocan, Mexico: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo.
  28. Philippine Mahogany. (2019). www.wood-database.com/philippine-mahogany
  29. Pittam, W. et al. (1944). The Extraction of Tannin from Waste Western Hemlock Bark. Oregon: Oregon State College.
  30. Pizzi, A. (2019). Tannins: Prospectives and Actual Industrial Applications.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723084/
  31. Prout, C.K., Carruthers, J.R. et al. (1971). Chem. Soc. A. Jamaica: The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies."
  32. Ragasa, C. Y., Ng, V. A. S. et al. (2014). Triterpenes from Shorea negrosensis. Philippines: Chemistry Department, De La Salle University Science and Technology Complex.
  33. Red Lauan (Shorea Negrosensis). (2018). www.arkive.org/red-lauan/shorea-negrosensis
  34. Reid, E. B. et al. (1997). McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, XIII. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
  35. Richey, R. C. (1994). eric.ed.gov/?id=ED373753
  36. Royal Society of Chemistry (2019). www.chemistryworld.com.
  37. Shepard, D. (2005). Does Mahogany Contain Tannin? sawmillcreek.org
  38. Slowinski, E. J., Wolsey, W. C., & Masterton, W. L. (2002). Chemical Principle in the Laboratory, 7th edition. Singapore: Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning Asia Pte. Ltd.
  39. Smith, J. F. et al. (1968). Encyclopedia Americana, XXVI. New York: Americana Corp.
  40. The New International Webster’s Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language, Deluxe Encyclopedic Edition (2013 edition). The United States of America: Standard International Media Holdings.
  41. Whitten, K. W., Davis, R. E., Peck, M. L., & Stanley, G. G. (2005). General Chemistry, 7th Edition. Singapore: Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning Asia Pte. Ltd.
  42. Wiley Online. (1994). M.A. Bianco, H. Savolainen, Phenolic acids as indicators of wood tannins, Science of The Total https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jat.2550140409